RESUMO RACIONAL: A fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica falha em controlar o refluxo gastroesofágico em quase 15% dos pacientes e a maioria deles deve ser reoperada devido aos sintomas. Diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido sugeridas. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar os resultados pós-operatórios de pacientes submetidos a 3 procedimentos diferentes: Reoperação e fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica apenas (Grupo A), reoperação e fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica combinado com gastrectomia distal (Grupo B) ou reoperação e conversão para Toupet laparoscópico combinado com gastrectomia distal e reconstrução em Y-Roux (Grupo C). MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo incluindo 77 pacientes submetidos inicialmente a fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica que apresentaram recidiva do refluxo gastroesofágico após a operação. Eles foram avaliados antes e após a reoperação com questionário clínico e estudos funcionais específicos. Reestabelecida a anatomia da junção esôfago-gástrica, procedeu-se às referidas cirurgias. Nenhum paciente perdeu seguimento. RESULTADOS: Os sintomas persistentes foram observados com maior frequência nos pacientes dos Grupos A ou B, associados à estenose da fundoplicatura, fundoplicatura intratorácico ou fundoplicatura torcida. No Grupo C, os sintomas recorrentes associados a essa alteração anatômica foram observados com pouca frequência. Esfincter esofágico inferior incompetente foi confirmado em 57,7% dos pacientes pertencentes ao Grupo A em comparação com 17,2% após fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica combinado com gastrectomia distal, e 26% após a Toupet laparoscópico combinado com gastrectomia distal e reconstrução em Y-Roux. Nesse grupo, apesar do alto percentual de pacientes com esfincter esofágico inferior incompetente, 8,7% apresentaram refluxo ácido anormal após a cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: As técnicas de Nissen ou Toupet combinados com a gastrectomia distal em Y de Roux são seguras e eficazes para o manejo da falha da fundoplicatura a Nissen. A técnica de Toupet é preferível para pacientes que sofrem principalmente com disfagia e dor.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication fails to control the gastroesophageal reflux in almost 15% of patients, and most of them must be reoperated due to postoperative symptoms. Different surgical options have been suggested. AIMS: This study aimed to present the postoperative outcomes of patients submitted to three different procedures: redo laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication alone (Group A), redo laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication combined with distal gastrectomy (Group B), or conversion to laparoscopic Toupet combined with distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy (Group C). METHODS: This is a prospective study involving 77 patients who were submitted initially to laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and presented recurrence of gastroesophageal reflux after the operation. They were evaluated before and after the reoperation with clinical questionnaire and objective functional studies. After reestablishing the anatomy of the esophagogastric junction, a surgery was performed. None of the patients were lost during follow-up. RESULTS: Persistent symptoms were observed more frequently in Group A or B patients, including wrap stricture, intrathoracic wrap, or twisted fundoplication. In Group C, recurrent symptoms associated with this anatomic alteration were infrequently observed. Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter was confirmed in 57.7% of patients included in Group A, compared to 17.2% after Nissen and distal gastrectomy and 26% after Toupet procedure plus distal gastrectomy. In Group C, despite the high percentage of patients with incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, 8.7% had abnormal acid reflux after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Nissen and Toupet procedures combined with Roux-en-Y distal gastrectomy are safe and effective for the management of failed Nissen fundoplication. However, Toupet technique is preferable for patients suffering from mainly dysphagia and pain.

RACIONAL: Bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux é a operação bariátrica mais comumente realizada. Pequena bolsa gástrica é criada, deixando uma anastomose gastrojejunal estreita, com uma alça jejunal mais comprida. Muito pouco é conhecido sobre o comportamento desta bolsa em anos após o procedimento. OBJETIVO: Determinar através de estudos prospectivos endoscópico e histológico seqüenciais o tamanho da bolsa gástrica, o diâmetro da anastomose e o comportamento da infecção por H. pylori após a operação. MÉTODOS: Em 130 pacientes submetidos ao bypass gástrico foram realizadas várias avaliações sequenciais endoscópica (até 120 meses) e histológica de rotina da bolsa gástrica. RESULTADOS: Após a operação, foram realizadas em média 3,6 endoscopias por paciente. Macroscopicamente quase 95% das pequenas bolsas gástricas eram normais, e o principal achado patológico foi uma úlcera marginal. Esofagite erosiva desapareceu em 93% dos pacientes. Não houve aumento no tamanho orocaudal da bolsa durante o período de observação. Não houve dilatação do diâmetro da anastomose gastrojejunal. Perto de 54% de todos os pacientes tinham mucosa fúndica normal, enquanto 18% tinham gastrite crônica ativa, coincidente com a infecção por H. pylori. Cinco pacientes tinham metaplasia intestinal. CONCLUSÃO: Com base nesta avaliação endoscópica sequencial, não houve aumento no tamanho orocaudal da bolsa gástrica, nem do diâmetro da anastomose gastrojejunal. O comportamento do H. pylori foi inconsistente e difícil de interpretar.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most common performed bariatric surgery. A small gastric pouch is created, leaving a narrow gastrojejunal anastomosis, with a long jejunal limb. Very little is known regarding the behavior of this pouch years after surgery. AIM: To determine through prospective sequential endoscopic studies the size of the gastric pouch, the diameter of the anastomosis, and the behavior of H. pylori infection after surgery. METHODS: In 130 patients subjected to resectional gastric bypass, several routine sequential endoscopic (until 120 months) and histological evaluations of the gastric pouch were performed. RESULTS: After surgery, a mean of 3.6 endoscopies/patient were performed. Macroscopically nearly 95% of the small gastric pouches were normal, and the main pathological finding was a marginal ulcer. Erosive esophagitis disappeared in 93% of the patients. There was no increase in the orocaudal size of the pouch during this period of observation. There was no dilatation of the diameter of gastrojejunal anastomosis. Near 54% of all patients had normal fundic mucosa, while 18% had chronic active gastritis, coincident with H. pylori infection. Five patients had intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSION: Based on this sequential endoscopic evaluation, there was no increase in the orocaudal size of the gastric pouch nor increase in the diameter of the gastrojejunal anastomosis. H. pylori behavior was inconsistent and difficult to interpret.

Background: Non alcoholic steatohepatitis is common among patients with morbid obesity. Aim: To assess the prevalence of pathological alterations in the liver in patients with morbid obesity. Material and methods: Prospective study of patients with morbid obesity subjected to bariatric surgery. In the preoperative period serum lipid levels were measured and an abdominal ultrasound was performed in 342. During surgery a liver biopsy was obtained. Results: The pathological study of the liver showed a normal liver in 41 patients (10%), mild steatosis in 130 (31%), moderate steatosis in 59 (14%), severe steatosis in 32 (8%), steatohepatitis in 88 (21%), steatohepatitis with fibrosis in 60 (14%) and cirrhosis in 4 (1%). No association between liver damage and gender, body mass index or serum lipid levels, was observed. The liver was informed as normal on ultrasound examination in 47 of 106 (44%) patients with mild steatosis on pathology. On the other hand, liver was informed as having steatosis on ultrasound in 11 of 23 (32%) patients with pathologically normal liver. The concordance between ultrasound and liver pathology among patients with moderate or severe steatosis was 82 and 96%, respectively. Conclusions: Ninety percent of patients with morbid obesity have liver damage on pathology. Among patients with moderate or severe steatosis, there is a good concordance between ultrasound and pathological findings

Introducción: Las alteraciones de la histología hepática constituyen un hallazgo frecuente en pacientes con obesidad mórbida y pueden correlacionarse con los niveles sanguíneos de lípidos. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de anormalidades histológicas del hígado en un gran número de pacientes chilenos con obesidad mórbida, correlacionados con los niveles de lípidos sanguíneos y con los hallazgos ecográficos preoperatorios. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo y descriptivo de 414 pacientes con obesidad mórbida sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. En el preoperatorio se determinaron los niveles séricos de colesterol total y triglicéridos y se realizó ecotomografía abdominal para evaluar el aspecto macroscópico del hígado. Resultados: Hubo 90% de pacientes con alteraciones histológicas del hígado, presentando esteatosis leve, moderada, severa o esteatohepatitis. Cirrosis hepática se encontró en 4 pacientes (1%). No hubo diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) preoperatorio y hallazgos histológicos. Tampoco se encontró correlación entre niveles sanguíneos de colesterol y triglicéridos. La ecotomografía abdominal tuvo una baja sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de esteatosis leve o hígado normal, teniendo una alta sensibilidad para el resto de las alteraciones histológicas. Conclusión: La obesidad mórbida se acompaña de alteraciones de la histología hepática en un 90% de los casos. Los hallazgos ultrasonográficos del hígado permitirían diagnosticar estas alteraciones en un gran número de estos pacientes

Background: The use of abdominal drains is a common practice in gastric surgery. Aim: To assess the daily flow of abdominal drains after gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Material and Methods: Prospective study of 359 morbid obese patients subjected to gastric bypass with excision of the distal gastric segment. The daily flow of drainages placed at the right and left side of the anastomosis was measured. Patients with fistulae or other abdominal complications, were excluded. Results: The right drainage had an initial flow of 50 mg/24 h. At the fifth postoperative day the flow was less than 20 ml/24 h and the drain was withdrawn. The left drainage had a higher initial flow of serous or serous-hematic fluid and was maintained for a mean of six postoperative days. Conclusions: The use of abdominal drains after gastric bypass is not associated with complications and allows a daily assessment of the drainage flow

Introducción: El uso de drenajes abdominales en cirugía gástrica ha sido una práctica habitual desde hace mucho tiempo. Objetivos: Determinar el débito diario de los drenajes colocados alrededor del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes con obesidad mórbida sometidos a cirugía laparotómica. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo que analizó a 359 pacientes con obesidad mórbida sometidos a bypass gástrico con resección del segmento gástrico distal. Se midió el débito diario en ml/24 a través del drenaje que se coloca a derecha e izquierda de la anastomosis. Se excluyeron pacientes con fístula anastomótica u otra complicación abdominal. Resultados: El drenaje colocado a la derecha de la anastomosis presentó un volumen inicial de 50 ml/24, que al 5 día fue menor a 20 ml/24, retirándolo en ese momento. El drenaje izquierdo tuvo un mayor volumen inicial, siempre de tipo seroso o serohematico, retirándolo en promedio al 6 día postop. No hubo ninguna complicación derivada del uso de estos drenajes. Conclusiones: La colocación y uso rutinario de drenajes abdominales después de un bypass gástrico abierto no produce ninguna complicación derivada de su empleo. Por otra parte, permite determinar el volumen diario y el tipo de secreción que se obtiene, permitiendo eventualmente manejar alguna complicación sin necesidad de una reoperación